怀孕阶段的咳嗽与感冒

http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5985,00.html

Coughs and Colds in Pregnancy
怀孕阶段的咳嗽与感冒


by Lisa Rodriguez, R.N. and Marjorie Greenfield, M.D.
reviewed by Marjorie Greenfield, M.D.

As common as colds are, it's no surprise that you stand a good chance of getting one while pregnant. The only thing is, when you're expecting, weathering a cold or a nagging cough goes beyond the simple logistics of seeking relief from your symptoms--after all, now you have a baby and his health to think about as well. For a rundown on the available treatment options that can keep both you and your baby comfortable during cold season, read on.
就像是人就会感冒一样，您怀孕的时候，如果感冒或者咳嗽实在是件很正常的时候，没有必要大惊小怪。

Symptoms 症状
In general, coughs and colds are not dangerous conditions. They might be annoying and make you feel awful, but neither presents a real risk to your health or the health of your baby. If you are ill for more than a few days, develop a high fever, have a severe sore throat, or are worried that your symptoms seem unusual, you may have strep throat or a sinus infection and should see your practitioner.
一般而言，咳嗽和感冒并不是危险的情况，虽然它们有点讨厌，并让你感觉不舒服，但并不对你的健康和BB的健康有真正的危险。如果你病了很多天，发高烧，并有严重喉咙痛（咽喉炎），或者你的症状看上去很不正常，你可能得了链球菌感染的咽喉炎（strep throat）或鼻窦感染，此时就应该看得你的医生了。

Sinus infections are relatively common in pregnancy because of the increased nasal congestion, and fighting one may require the use of antibiotics. Women with asthma should pay special attention to their breathing and see their practitioner without delay if they are having difficulty.
怀孕期间的鼻窦感染相对比较常见，因为不断增多的鼻充血（鼻阻塞），要治好之一就需要使用抗生素。得哮喘的女人们需要格外注意自己的呼吸，如果感觉不舒服一定要及时（不拖延）的看自己的医生

If you develop a severe cough, rest assured that the fetus is protected inside your uterus--you cannot cough so hard that you miscarry or go into labor. However, the loss of urine is, unfortunately, pretty common. Probably the best thing you can do about stress urinary continence is to empty your bladder frequently and practice your kegel exercises.

如果你得了严重的咳嗽，首先，请放心，胎儿正在你的子宫里面收到保护，你不可能剧烈咳嗽到流产或者进入分娩。然而，不幸的是，尿的减少，相当的普遍。大概，你能做的最好的事情就是进行压力尿控以频繁排空你的膀胱，并进行凯格尔练习。

Nonmedical treatments 非医学的治疗
Coughs and colds are usually caused by viruses, which do not benefit from antibiotics, and so must run their course. Medical treatment can relieve symptoms so that you feel better, but it won't make you get better any faster. Except for treating fever, it often is fine to simply tough it out if you don't want to take any medications. Here are tips to help you alleviate some of the discomfort that can accompany a cold.
咳嗽和感冒通常由病毒引起，并不能用抗生素治疗，这个过程是必须的（自愈的产生抗体的过程）。医学治疗能减轻一些症状，让你感觉好一点点，但不会让你变得更好，痊愈得更快。除了发烧，如果你不想进行任何治疗，常常经过一段难受的时期就会好起来。这里有一些小方法，能够帮助你减轻你感冒以来的不适。

• Drink plenty of fluids, as this will help to thin secretions. Water, chicken soup, juices, and warm tea are good sources.
• 喝足够的液体，它们会帮助稀释你的分泌物。水，鸡汤，榨汁，和温茶都不错。
  



• Use a humidifier. Place it close to your face when you sleep. During the day, you can make a tent out of a sheet draped over your head. Stay under the tent for 15 minutes, three or four times a day.
• 用加湿器，在你睡觉的时候，放在你的脸附近（俺家的yadu好吵得）。在这些天，你能用床单做成一个小帐篷搭在你的头上。呆在这个帐篷里约15分钟，每天3到4次。
  



• Rub a mentholated product (like Vicks Vaporub) on your chest according to package instructions.
• 按照包装说明，擦点含薄荷脑的产品（vicks vaporub好像是一种）在你的胸部，
  



• For nasal stuffiness, use saline drops. You can buy these at drugstores or prepare a solution at home. Just dissolve 1/4 teaspoon salt in 8ounces of water. Place a few drops in each nostril, wait 5 to 10 minutes, and then gently blow your nose.
• 对于鼻子不通，可以滴点生理盐水。你可以在药店里买盐水，或者在家自己配。一般1 / 4茶匙盐配8盎司的水。每个鼻子滴一点，等5到10分钟，然后轻轻的疏通一下鼻子。



• To make breathing easier, sleep in a recliner or prop up your head with lots of pillows so that you are in a semi-upright position.
• 为了呼吸通畅一些，可以睡在躺椅上，或者用个小枕头支住你的头，以便你处在一个半直立位置。



• Take a warm shower. This can help clear nasal stuffiness and mucus.
• 洗一个温暖的淋浴，这能帮助你减少鼻子的阻塞和一些鼻涕。



• Get plenty of rest.
• 进行足够的休息
  

Medications 药物治疗
While it is generally best to avoid exposing a fetus to medications, especially in the first trimester when its organs are forming, sometimes drugs are necessary either for medical reasons or for symptom relief. (For more information, see the article Medications in Pregnancy: General Principles, which explains the FDA's safety classes for medicines.
虽然一般在怀孕期间避免使用药物，特别在子宫形成的头三个月，但有时药物还是需要的，无论是医学上的原因还是减轻症状。（更多信息，可见这片文章《怀孕期间的药物治疗：一般原则》，它说明的FDA对于药物的安全分类）

• Decongestants. This group of medications is used to treat colds or allergies. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), an FDA category C drug (to be used only if the benefits outweigh the risks), can be bought over the counter and is present in antihistamines as well as in cold remedies. These medications are not recommended for anyone who has high blood pressure, pregnant or not. If possible, avoid taking pseudoephedrine in the first trimester.
• 解充血药
  



• Cough suppressants and expectorants. Dextromethorphan, a common ingredient found in cough and cold medications (such as Robitussin), is probably safe for use in pregnancy. While the FDA has labeled it category C, some large studies suggest that it does not cause any increase in birth defects or complications of pregnancy. Guaifenesin is an expectorant in many cough and cold medicines. It, too, is listed under category C but is probably safe as well.
• 咳嗽抑制和化痰
  



• Treating pain and fever. Pain is bad because it hurts. Fever is bad because it overheats the fetus. Fever is unhealthy for the fetus throughout pregnancy, but high fever in the first trimester is thought to be responsible for certain birth defects, including problems in brain and spine development. It's generally best to follow this rule: If you get a fever in pregnancy, take medications to bring it down, and if you cannot reduce your temperature, call your doctor.
• 治疗疼痛和发烧
  
  Fever also increases sweating and fluid loss, so be sure to drink lots of cool fluids when you have a high temperature. Most pregnant women can take acetaminophen (Tylenol) throughout the pregnancy without a problem. If you are a heavy drinker (three or more drinks a day), you need to discuss this with your practitioner, not only because alcohol and acetaminophen can be a lethal combination, but also because drinking while pregnant has health implications for your baby. Ibuprofen is probably safe to take in the first and second trimesters, but it may cause problems for the baby's circulation after 32 weeks' gestation. Aspirin is usually not recommended in pregnancy.
  
  Remember: A persistent fever or severe illness in pregnancy always warrants a call to your practitioner.
  记住：在怀孕期间持续的发烧或严重的疾病一定要联系你的医生。
  




• Zinc lozenges. Zinc lozenges (and more recently, nasal sprays) have been used to speed recovery from the common cold. Lower doses of Zinc are safe, but I'm not aware of any good information about the safety of using zinc lozenges while pregnant.
• 锌含片
  



• Echinacea tea. One study that looked at the use of echinacea during the first trimester found no increase in birth defects. It's generally considered safe for use in pregnancy, but you should be aware that it has not been tested extensively.
• 松果菊茶，一项研究显示松果菊在第一孕期使用的发现，并不增加先天缺陷。 它被普遍认为是安全用于妊娠的，但你必须要知道，这个药物没有得到广泛的测试。

----
作者简介
Lisa Rodriguez, R.N.

Lisa Rodriguez, RN, BSN Consultant
Ms. Rodriguez has been a maternal-child registered nurse since 1988. She has had over 12 years of experience in all aspects of Obstetrics and Gynecology. She has worked in many parts of the country, including Indiana University Hospitals, Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami, Florida, and the University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, giving her a unique perspective on regional practice patterns. She has worked as a staff nurse and a charge nurse in labor and delivery, high-risk obstetrics, postpartum, newborn nursery, and office settings. She has been active in the education of patients and families in childbirth education, infant care, postpartum care, and lactation counseling. She graduated from Ball State University in Indiana with a Bachelor of Science degree. Ms. Rodriquez has had the opportunity to experience high-risk pregnancy firsthand as the mother of a young son and daughter.

Marjorie Greenfield, M.D.
Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology




Dr. Marjorie Greenfield is Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Case School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland. She has practiced obstetrics and gynecology since 1987, with particular interest in normal obstetrics and pediatric and adolescent gynecology. Dr. Greenfield has been recognized for clinical excellence by local and national organizations, including AOL Digital City, Best Doctors in America, The Center for the Study of Services, Northern Ohio Live Magazine and Cleveland Magazine. She has also received honors for teaching and leadership, including the Kaiser Permanente Award for Excellence in Teaching, the Women Faculty of the Case School of Medicine Gender Equity Award, the Council on Resident Education in Ob/Gyn National Faculty Award for Excellence in Resident Education, and the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Excellence in Teaching Award. She is a member of the North American Society for Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, the American Medical Women's Association, and the Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society. Dr. Greenfield completed both medical school and her Ob/Gyn residency at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. She is a board-certified obstetrician-gynecologist, and is a fellow of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Dr. Greenfield lives near Cleveland, Ohio with her husband and their teenage son.

War on cyberspace

Security in the cyberspace is one technology. If one want to control information's transmission in the cyberspace only by a tradition or a simple-tech way , he is a madman or a idiot. Now, so many fools in the team.

Silver Lining

My muffins are in the toaster

I got my raspberry jam

My grandfather was a sailor

that came onto this land

and he was looking for gold,

a pretty hand to hold,

or some cards to fold.

At least, that's what I was told.

 

Silver Lining

Silver Lining, where'd you go?

 

Turn on my TV

They got talking heads in space

used to be so easy

to have a little faith

I used to rely on luck

To earn an honest buck

I didn't feel so stuck

I didn't limp around, like Jon Kruk.

 

Silver Lining

Silver Lining, where'd you go?

 

I used to have hope

Now we got soap on a rope

I used to have dreams

Now we got overplayed baseball teams

We got grocery baggers, grafitti taggers,

golf-ball shaggers, go team go.

 

Silver Lining

Silver Lining, where'd you go?

 

My landlord knocks upon my door

He's got that payday face

I swear to God he should be payin me

To live inside this place

It's filled with sharks and fins

whose double chins say

Thicken your skin, child

if you want to win

 

Silver Lining

Silver Lining, where'd you go?

 

I fix myself some herbal tea

cause it's healthier they say

well, healthier ain't half as fun

I take a cold beer anyday

I used to have dysfunctional fun

in the cancerous sun

with my co-dependent hon

eatin greasy greasy hotdogs on a buttered up bun

 

Silver Lining

Silver Lining, where'd you go?

Silver Lining

Silver Lining, where'd you go?

My fingerprint

Today I buy a new pc-desk for my old pc, then I move back my pc from a friend.

When I place all in right place, I try to test the " U.are.U 2000 Sensor", a fingerprint scanner.

I had downloaded the SDK(VeriFinger_42_SDK_Standard) from the emule network. When I find the drivers in the "Install\InteGold" folder that is the right driver to sensor, I driver the sensor to get my forefinger image.

Space 100 - Air Force Preparing

The Future Space Professional Workforce

The Air Force Space Command space professional development initiative is moving forward to ensure the existence of a highly trained cadre of space professionals ready to meet with future challenges.  The space and missile operators and acquirers of tomorrow will be required to design and operate the most complicated and technologically advanced systems ever created with an unprecedented standard of expertise and reliability.  As the use of space becomes more prolific throughout the Department of Defense and national security agencies, the demand on the skills of space professionals in these organizations is ever-increasing.

At the beginning of the Air Force space professional development process is a course held at the Air Education and Training Command (AETC) campus at Vandenberg Air Force Base.  Space 100 is the first step in an evolving multi-phased training program, preparing officers and enlisted for their careers as highly trained space and missile acquirers and operators.  This process of acculturation into the space profession is the first step in becoming an accredited space professional, prepared for any challenge the future might bring.

As the visionary behind this new impetus of space professional development, General Lance W. Lord, Commander of Air Force Space Command has asked California Space Authority (CSA) to assist by having Matt Everingham CSA Research Analyst audit Space 100 as a new space professional.  The resulting input will assist in the continuing development of the Air Force's Space 100 course.  Through this creative collaboration, Space Command is contributing to the inter-organizational effort to ensure a positive workforce outlook for all sectors of space enterprise; commercial, civil and national security.

CSA is pleased to have been asked to participate in this opportunity to further the sense of community among all space professionals, contributing again to the Voice, Visibility, and competitive Edge of its members.

JOINT DOCTRINE STORY

Joint, and in many instances, multinational warfare is an American military tradition. Numerous examples which characterize the jointness of warfighting, American style, fill the pages of our history from the Revolutionary War to the present. The defeat of Cornwallis's army at Yorktown was a combined American and French land campaign supported by the timely interdiction of British reinforcement efforts from the sea by French naval forces. In 1944, American, British and Canadian naval, air and land forces conducted the largest shore-to-shore amphibious operation in the annals of warfare, Operation Overlord. This invasion of Normandy was the death knell for the Third Reich. As part of what has proven to be a successful free world strategy to contain post-war communism, the Army, Navy and Marine Corps's execution of General MacArthur's masterful plan to turn the flank of the North Korean Army at Inchon is yet another example of joint warfare. More recently, our Armed Forces conducted Eldorado Canyon in Libya, Just Cause in Panama, and Desert Storm in the Persian Gulf. All were joint operations and all were highly successful.   In all of these examples, the aim was to coordinate the combat capabilities of the Services and allies or coalition partners to achieve the greatest possible military advantage. This was accomplished through the creation and execution of plans which maximized the unique capabilities of each of the Services. The result was a synergistic force of significantly greater joint combat power than if each Service had been employed individually against the same enemy. Clearly, the idea of joint operations is a natural complement to the pragmatic, team oriented culture of the United States.Though the US Military has a rich and successful history of joint warfighting, emphasis on the formal development of joint doctrine is relatively new. Prior to 1986, no single individual or agency had overall responsibility for joint doctrine.   As a result, there was no established process for the identification of critical joint doctrine voids and there were no procedures for participation by the combatant commands in the development of joint doctrine. There was also no single agency responsible for ensuring consistency between existing joint doctrine, Service doctrine, multi-Service doctrine and combined doctrine. The Goldwater, Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 made the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff singularly responsible for "developing doctrine for the joint employment of the armed forces." In turn, this 1986 law generated directives which amplified these new joint doctrine responsibilities given to the Chairman. Figure 1 is a summary of the legislative and regulatory instruments which currently guide the joint doctrine development process. The magnitude and importance of these changes to regulatory requirements and their impact on warfighting doctrine cannot be overemphasized. Today, Service doctrine must be consistent with that joint doctrine established by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Figure 1. Legislative and Regulatory Requirements Impacting Joint Doctrine

Additionally, joint doctrine is to provide the basis for doctrinal agreements with our allies. Further, the combatant commands that actually employ forces on the battlefield now participate directly in the development of the operational doctrine that will guide the employment of those forces in combat. None of these requirements existed previously. A comparison of the previous methodology for developing joint doctrine and the current system is provided in Figure 2.   In order to carry out his new responsibilities under the 1986 DOD Reorganization Act, and to improve both interoperability and efficiency, the Chairman reorganized the Joint Staff in early 1987. Pulling resources from throughout the Joint Staff, two new Directorates were formed and staff responsibilities were realigned. Responsibilities for joint plans, training, exercises, evaluation, education, interoperability and joint doctrine were brought together under a single Directorate, the Operational Plans and Interoperability Directorate, J-7. To specifically focus on managing the joint doctrine development process, a separate Joint Doctrine Division has been established within the J-7. The Joint Doctrine Division is the caretaker of the joint doctrine process and the primary spokesman on doctrinal issues for the combatant commands within the Pentagon.

JOINT DOCTRINE PROCESS

The development and revision of joint doctrine follows a prescribed process which insures full participation by the Services, the Joint Staff, and the combatant commands. Development and revision timelines have also been established, based on multiple years of experience using the established development and revision process.

STEP #1 Project Proposal  Submitted by Services, CINCS, or Joint Staff to fill extant operational void  J-7 validates requirement with Services and CINCs  J-7 initiates Program Directives

STEP #2 Program Directive  J-7 formally staffs with Services and CINCs  Includes scope of project, references, milestones, and who will develop drafts  J-7 releases Program Directive to Lead Agent. Lead Agent can be Service, CINC, or Joint Staff (JS) Directorate

STEP #3 Two Drafts  Lead Agent selects Primary Review Authority (PRA) to develop the pub  PRA develops two draft pubs  PRA staffs each draft with CINCs, Services, and Joint Staff

STEP #4 CJCS Approval  Lead Agent forwards proposed pub to Joint Staff  Joint Staff takes responsibility for pub, makes required changes and prepares pub for coordination with Services and CINCs  Joint Staff conducts formal staffing for approval as a Joint Publication

STEP #5 Assessments/Revision  The CINCs receive the pub and begin to assess it during use  18 to 24 months following publication, the Director, J-7 will solicit a written report from the combatant commands and Services on the utility and quality of each pub and the need for any urgent changes or earlier-than-scheduled revisions  No later than 5 years after development, each pub is revised

DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE PROFESSIONALS

... the US must, over the next few years, develop a cadre of experienced, intensely knowledgeable people skilled in applying space to combat. We are talking about an entirely new breed of war fighters, who will ultimately transform the power and scope of warfighting in the same way airpower professionals have done in the last century.

 

－The Honorable Peter B. Teets

Former Acting Secretary of the Air Force,

Director of the National Reconnaissance Office,

and DOD Executive Agent for Space

 

    Developing Airmen is an Air Force core competency, and the development of a space professional cadre is recognized as an enabling capability for employing integrated space capabilities that support the full spectrum of military operations. Space professional training and education instill space-mindedness, make space capabilities universally understood, accepted, and exploitable by joint forces, and create military and civilian space leaders with a stronger foundation in space employment and a greater understanding of space capabilities.

 

SPACE TRAINING AND EVALUATION

    Space operators should be trained throughout their careers to integrate space across the range of military operations and during all phases of an operation. Continual training is crucial to maintain proficiency because space assets and their TTPs continually evolve. In concert with training, evaluation is key to identifying shortfalls and is a critical measure of training program effectiveness. Stringent standards of performance should be established to ensure space operators attain and maintain the high degree of proficiency required for mission success. Commanders at all levels should be involved with the training and evaluation of their personnel and should be confident they meet minimum standards before being certified mission ready.

 

    Following training common to all space professionals, space operators initially become specialists in a specific area or system. However, the diverse nature of space operations dictates that, over time, they should gain knowledge and understanding of the broad spectrum of space operations. As their careers progress, space operators should move beyond technical knowledge of their core specialty areas and gain a more operational-level focus of air and space power. Ultimately, the Air Force needs Airmen who are space professionals and can articulate how space operations integrate into, contribute to, and improve military operations.

 

EXERCISES

    Exercises are conducted to achieve training objectives. For training to best prepare participants for actual requirements, exercises should be planned and conducted to resemble real operations as closely as possible. Space forces are no exception and should be realistically exercised to the full extent possible, consistent with operational requirements. To improve readiness, space forces should participate as a full partner with air and information assets in large-scale exercises overseas and in the US. Joint exercises in overseas locations provide realistic training for in-theater and deployable Air Force forces, and also allow other Services and allied military forces to gain valuable experience in integrating space capabilities. When it is impossible to meet mission requirements and take part in an exercise, high fidelity simulators should be used to present the correct "space picture" to participants.

 

 

Integrated Air, Space, and Information Test Range

    There are several ranges and exercises that prepare Air Force forces for joint operations. As new space capabilities are developed, test ranges such as the space test and training range evaluate new capabilities prior to operational fielding. The development of an integrated test range for air, space, and information assets enables the Air Force to conduct enhanced testing, training, and exercises against potential adversary space force capabilities. It also integrates Air Force forces in an operational environment prior to real-world contingency operations. This training enhances the Air Force's ability to effectively integratecapabilities and produce the commander's desired effects.

 

EDUCATION

    Education broadens understanding of space's overall contribution to military operations and gives operators an appreciation of how their specific area of expertise impacts global and theater operations. Education is necessary to move space professionals beyond the tactical and technical focus of their day-to-day jobs and to assure the requisite level of technological skills necessary to sustain the space mission. Space education goes beyond individual service requirements and encompasses all organizations within the national security space environment.

 

Developmental Education (DE)

    DE provides broad education appropriate for different points in an Airman's career as a space professional. These programs provide a perspective on the role of space power in military operations through study of such subjects as Air Force and joint doctrine. An understanding of these areas is critical for Airmen to effectively employ space power within a joint and coalition environment. DE also provides the opportunity for all Airmen to learn about the application of space in military operations.

 

WARGAMES

    Wargames are used for educating personnel and testing of new concepts of employment and organization. Because the United States has yet to meet a "space peer" in conflict, wargames continue to be aprimary means of assessing the potential doctrinal implications of the use of space systems. Wargames generate insights into the current and future uses of space in warfighting. This venue allows the US to test potential actions used by adversaries to attack our space capabilities. An important element in wargames is to demonstrate unanticipated consequences involved with future space capabilities including vulnerabilities, policy, and force structure concerns. Space forces should be modeled in a realistic fashion consistent with other military forces.

 

RED TEAMING

    Red Teaming provides a capability to conduct vulnerability assessments used to prepare combat air forces, joint and allied forces for combat by providing challenging, realistic space threat replication, training, and feedback. Experiencing the tactics and capabilities adversaries may use against us will help ensure we maintain the space superiority we need to prevail in real world scenarios.

 

EXPERIMENTS

    Experiments are used for evaluating operational concepts and new technologies. Through experiments, the Air Force gains knowledge about future systems technology and processes, spiral development of developing technology and processes, and rapid transition of proven technology and processes to the warfighter. Experimentation is fundamentally different from exercises. Exercises involve training all personnel in established processes on fielded systems. Combatant commanders are encouraged to conduct experiments to test new operating concepts. However, because experiments are designed to be repeated, desired system and process knowledge is gained. However, lessons learned should not be overstated given the carefully orchestrated nature of experiments.

Rain, Friday

Today is Friday, when I feel the time's ticking out and my dream is still far away.

Recall my ambition.

Wargame preparation includes focus on homeland defense

by Tech. Sgt. Jennifer Thibault

Air Force Space Command Public Affairs

11/30/2006 - PETERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Colo.

Space is an integral part of the American way of life, warfighting operations and homeland defense.

Air Force Space Command and U.S. Northern Command have partnered to address common issues facing the future defense of the homeland.

"Seminars like these contribute much in developing potential courses of action," said AFSPC Vice Commander Lt. Gen. Frank G. Klotz. "Space can and will play a decisive role in securing our borders and the maritime approaches, and defending the homeland."
General Klotz also highlighted the recently released U.S. National Space Policy. He noted that while there is a great deal of continuity between the old and new policies, there are also distinct differences.

One difference is the emphasis placed on homeland security. "In the 10-page summary of the Policy, homeland security was referenced 15 times," General Klotz said. "While this reflects the effects of September 11 and hurricanes Katrina and Rita, it reflects a recognition of the enormous contributions space capabilities make to this critical mission set."

Through a series of AFSPC-sponsored seminars designed to investigate space operations in a future conflict, AFSPC held the fourth and final seminar at NORTHCOM Headquarters here Nov. 14 - 16 focusing on homeland defense and homeland security, all in preparation for the Schriever IV Wargame scheduled for the Spring of 2007.

During the past eight months, the Schriever IV Wargame team has conducted three previous seminars on policy and rules of engagement, counterspace and information operations.

"These seminars are the building blocks we will use to execute the wargame in March, which will be hosted by Air Combat Command, at Nellis Air Force Base, Nev.," said the Schriever IV Wargame Director Jason Altchek.

Adm. Timothy J. Keating, Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command and United States Northern Command, kicked off this final seminar with opening comments highlighting the importance of space systems and capabilities.

"The space domain is somewhat foreign to a lot of us," said the Admiral. "In the United States, we control it and accept it as a product given to us by the 'space' guys. We need to [gain] a better understanding of it and the integration of resources that are fundamental to delivering the air superiority we enjoy today."

Admiral Keating spoke of the wealth of knowledge and expertise gathered for this seminar including the Schriever IV Wargame senior mentors, former Air Force Chief of Staff General Ronald R. Fogelman, retired Gen. Charles R. Holland, former commander, U.S. Special Operations Command; and retired Marine Gen. Charles E. Wilhelm, former commander, U.S. Southern Command.

 

 

Yes, I lose.

Today, I got the news about the lowest line. My score is lower than the line. This means I lose in the battle.

No pains, no gains. It is right. I did not try my best to fight, so I lose.

Maybe I should fight again or exit.

I don't know.

I can win

The result is good, but I think there are some problems to solve it. I think I can laugh at last.

2.2

Today is a good day in Chinese's eyes.

In my pc speakers, "Chimes Of Freedom" is playing. I am enjoying it with my holiday.

Out of window, there is a beautiful sunshine with a little dust.

About Choices

Today I went home with my wife happily. My wife wanted me to have a bath, so I give her two choices: having a bath with me , or putting off until tomorrow.

New Apartment,But Damn Furniture!

My company will distribute the new apartments to us. As one of the cadres, I will have the one fortunately. In the ladder, my position is the 69th, so I will be forced to buy the second-hand furniture that cost me 4.5k.

The administrative secretarys of Barracks Section will execute the shit policy, and get the money from my poor wallet. That apartment is good enough, but the furniture is second-hand and not worthy of teh price of 4.5k.

As the tail of the ladder, I have no more choice to select the apartment's position, maybe the first floor or the top floor.

After all, I will have one room for me , and share it with other. That is enough.

1996

Tight-lipped
Psychology
mental
desire
blueprint
each of us
general
routine
intend
meal
essential
likewise
sheet
brief
account
actually
sketch
include
refer
fill out
qualification
ware
orderly
reasonably
tangible
inquiry
certainly
illustration
indication
guideline
principle
definite
offer
imaginary
comedy
mentary
children's programmes
stretch
in doubt
at least
inquiry
royal charter
organisation
ain't
bother
funded
subscription
shrinkage
prospect
term
no other than
enlarge
perfecting
rival
liability
bureaucracy
salary
spoil
initiative
collectivism
municipal
municipality
tram
municipal
consequence
impersonal
manipulation
detach
irresponsible
landowner
sprang
dividened
occasionally
civilisation
shareholder
patrarchal
mere
negotiation
account
outburst
breakthrough
steamboat
shaping
single out
preminum
above all
nonverbal
spatial
elementary
geometry
trigonometry
acute
adaptiveness
thorough
stimulus
precede
patent
parallel
originate
offer
incentive
multitude
flock
fair
beneficence
optimistic
approach
innovation
mechanical
unambiguous
verbal
manipulate
levers
crews
wedges
emulation
imitation
striving
fame
rumor
pipeline
confuse
unenlighten
citizenry
cosmology
consistent
unify
creationism
appropriate
account
clarity
nonspecialist
obstain
notion
extremely
dust
deceptive
explanation

1995

assist v. aid, help

serve n. Opening stroke or hit of the ball, v. tend to, attend; work, perform a duty or task; worship; function as; offer, present; fulfill a term (of punishment, military service, etc.); deliver, provide; mate with, service animals); make the opening hit, put the ball into play (sports)

thereby adv. by means of that, in that connection

competitive adj. involving competition; tending to compete,
desiring competition

enormously adv. immensely,
gigantically, hugely -

ensure v. make certain; guarantee; make secure

guarantee v. vouch for; give a guarantee; give a warranty;
promise, assure n. security; warranty; pledge; assurance

mercifully adv. pityingly;
compassionately; charitably; with mercy

inform v. communicate informational to, tell, apprise, notify;
tell on, betray; inspire; animate

excessively adv. in an extreme manner, immoderately, beyond
normal bounds

distinction n. difference, uniqueness; excellence; honor, mark of honor

advertising n. promotion, drawing attention to (generally in
order to sell goods or services); act of publicly announcing

confine v. limit, restrict;
imprison

confound v. amaze, stun, confuse, bewilder;
fail to discern a difference, mix up

merely adv. only, just, simply, purely

subtly adv. in a subtle manner

subtle adj. delicate; faint, elusive; implied; shrewd, astute;
sly, cunning

persuasive adj. intended to persuade, influential, convincing,
inducing

boring adj. not interesting, dull

personality n. character, disposition, identity

secure v. ensure, assure; obtain, procure; protect, defend;
fortify, strengthen; lock, fasten

deem v. suppose, believe, estimate

external adj. exterior, outer; outside n. outer part; exterior,
outside

identify v.  recognize , show to be the same; sympathize,
relate, associate oneself with a particular cause or idea

journey v. travel, take a trip n. voyage, long trip; distance;
process of progressing from on point to another

signpost n. roadside post bearing a traffic sign; something
that serves as a guide

landmark n. distinctive or prominent object in a landscape
(often serves as a guide to travelers on land or sea); territorial marker;
building or site which have historical significance important event, turning
point ( in history)

promotion n. advancement, furthering, encouragement;
initiative, enterprise; aid, assistance; queening, exchange of a pawn for a
queen (Chess)

caution v. warn, notify of danger n. premonition, notice;
warning; carefulness

encounter v. meet by chance; face,
meet with (difficulties, hardship, etc) n chance meeting

casual adj. random,
accidental; superficial; temporary; informal n. temporary worker; soldier who is
temporarily stationed in a place

perceive v. feel, sense, be aware of; distinguish, discern;
see, behold

indecisive adj. unable to make a decision, hesitant, wavering;
not decided, having no certain conclusion; vague, unclear

timidity n. shyness

insecurity n. lack of self-confidence; fearfulness, anxiety;
riskiness; lack of stability

unavoidable adj. inescapable, not avoidable, inevitable

confront v. stand face to face;
put before; oppose; compare

overcome v. overpower; overwhelm;
subdue

cease v. stop, halt n. stop, halt,
break

trap v. capture, contain, snare n. device used for capturing;
device used for containing; snare; action which can capture; plumbing
arrangement for maintaining a fluid barrier to prevent the passage of sewage
gases; (Slang) mouth

fro adv. from, back

perceive v. feel, sense, be aware of; distinguish, discern;
see, behold

advocate n. defense counsel; attorney; supporter, follower,
proponent, champion v.be in favor of , support; stand for, intercede for

formerly adv. previously; in the past, in former times, in
previous days

complicated adj. confusing, hard to understand, difficult;
complex

resolve v. determine, decide; solve, find a solution; separate
into constituent parts n. firm decision, ruling; decisiveness, resoluteness,
determination

mobility n. movability; ability to move; portability; agility;
ability to change

stable adj. steady, firm, fixed; lasting; dependable, faithful;
not susceptible to change n. structure in which hoses and other animals are
housed; racing establishment; race horsed belonging to a racing establishment v.
put in a stable

community n. people living in the same area; group of people
that live together; group of people that share common characteristics or
interests

informal adj. unofficial, unceremonious; relaxed, casual, easy

available adj. ready for use; attainable; unoccupied valid

unconscious adj. not conscious;
senseless; unaware, unknowing; not directed by conscious thought, automatic,
involuntary, instinctive n. all the psychic material that is not available in
the immediate field of awareness

casual adj. random, accidental; superficial; temporary;
informal n. temporary worker; soldier who is temporarily stationed in a place

communication n. exchange of information or ideas; transfer,
passing along; letter, message

societal adj. of or pertaining to society, social

enormous adj. very large, immense, huge

stockpile v. accumulate goods for
future use n. supply of materials, materials that have been accumulated and set
aside for future use

relevant adj. pertinent, related, connected to the current
subject

quantity n. amount, extent; measure, degree; large amount;
size, magnetite (Mathematics)

delivery n. transference;
distribution; birth; liberation; salvation

vast adj. large, enormous, huge

specific adj. suited to a
particular use or purpose; limited, peculiar to; special, unique; precise,
definite, particular; of or pertaining to a species( Biology) n. something
specific, something suited to a particular use or purpose; medical remedy suited
to a particular illness or disorder

bombard v. shell, bomb n. cannon that shot stone balls
(Archaic)

reliable adj. credible, trustworthy, dependable

complexity n. intricacy, complicated quality

extent n. scope, range; size,
measure

inherent adj. intrinsic, existing as a natural and integral
part, natural, inborn

offspring n.young, descendants, children; outcome

competition n. rivalry, act of competing against another;
contest

profound adj. of great depth, fathomless; deep, not
superficial; intense, extreme; serious, sober n.deep sea, ocean

soak up take into oneself like a sponge takes up water

moral adj. ethical; virtuous; righteous; principled; conforming
to accepted standards; having integrity n. ethic; moralistic lesson; lesson;
moralistic principle

passion n. ardour, fervor; zeal, enthusiasm; fury; desire, lust

Passion n. suffering of
Jesus on the Cross; Biblical writings that list the sufferings of Jesus on the
Cross

Pheidippides hero of

Ancient Greece, is the central figure in a myth which was the inspiration
for the modern sporting event, the

marathon.

Rejoice v. be joyful, delight, be happy; make happy, gladden

By far by a large margin; very much

rare adj. uncommon, unusual; not thoroughly cooked (meat);
sparse, thinly distributed; excellent, fine

concentrate v. focus, pay attention; collect in one place; make
stronger, make more intense

disproportionate adj. unequal,
unbalanced, out of proportion, extreme

emphasis n. importance that is attached to something; accent or
stress that is placed on a word or words

merit v. be worthy of, be eligible for; deserve n. value;
character or accomplishment that commends praise; excellence; state of being
worthy of appreciation

desirable adj. worthwhile, worth
having; sexually attractive, appealing in a sexual manner; who arouses sexual
desire

neither pron. not this and not that


either pron. one or the
other; one and the other adv. (Grammar) also, too, as well (used after a
negative clause: I won't either) adj. one of two conj. precedes two or more
coordinate words or phrases, either...or

preoccupation n. being lost in thought, being occupied with
meditations; obsession, fixation; thought that is constantly on one's mind;
previous appropriation, prior tenure or possession

lessen v. reduce, diminish, make less; decrease, become less


sure adv. certainly adj. certain; firm; confident; inevitable;
reliable; steady

consideration n. thoughtfulness, respectfulness; careful
attention; compensation, payment

sensitivity n. ability to perceive sensation; responsiveness;
delicateness, state of requiring special treatment or care; susceptibility to
outside influences; quality of being temperamental

sympathy n. affinity, understanding; compassion, pity, concern,
commiseration, empathy; approval

stock n. supply of goods, inventory; share, company's capital
divided into shares; livestock, farm animals; tree trunk, main stem of a plant;
lineage, ancestry; soup broth; handle, base v. maintain an inventory, supply
with goods; supply with livestock, provide with farm animals; store, accumulate,
set aside for future use adj. available on a regular basis; commonplace,
routine; employed to handle merchandise or goods; of or pertaining to livestock

subsequent adj. succeeding, following, ensuing, happening after

evidence n. proof, something which proves or disproves v. offer
proof, prove, show to be true

nevertheless adv. anyway, anyhow; still, all the same; however

occur v. happen, take place, transpire; come to mind, suggest
itself

skilful adj. proficient, adept, skilled, expert; masterful,
performed with a high degree of skill; requiring special training or skill (also
skillful)

performance n. show,
presentation; execution; act, deed; act of presenting an artistic work to an
audience

recitation n. act of telling, act of recounting; act of
delivering a formal speech

dramatic adj. written as a drama, having the base of drama;
emotional, surprising, containing conflict

instance n. occurrence, occasion; example, illustration;
prosecution of a case (Law); (Archaic) urgency, pressing importance; (in object
oriented programming) specific object of a class (executable file) v. refer to a
case or occurrence to explain or prove a point; cite, mention, refer to as an
example

emotionally adv. in an emotional manner

relief n. easement, alleviation;
liberation, release; support provided to the needy; embossment, sculpture in
which the forms project outward from the surface; aid, assistance; person who
fills the role of another

anxiety n. fear, worry; eagerness

fade v. discolor, lose color;
become dim; wilt, wither; die out; bleach

orientation n. adjustment to surroundings; direction, tendency;
direction of printing, direction in which one can read text or see a picture
(Computers); turning toward the east

clue n. something which helps to solve a problem (piece of
information, object, etc.) v. hint, provide a clue

infer v. derive, conclude; guess, surmise; hint

duration n. period of time that something continues

offer v. suggest; tender, bid, propose a price; present, put
forward, submit; express (goodwill, intent, etc.); present or sacrifice as an
act of worship n. suggestion; proposal of a price, tender, bid; proposal of
marriage; expression of (goodwill, intent, etc.)

gross adj. inclusive, complete,
total; general; without deductions adj. large; coarse, crude, vulgar;
disgusting, offensive; obese, fat v. make or earn a total of (before taxes and
other expenses) n. 12 dozen, 144


contemporary adj. modern, current n. person living at about the
same time as another; person of about the same age as another

evolutionary adj. of or pertaining to evolution, developmental,
progressive, gradually changing

adaptive adj. capable of adapting; versatile

consequence n. result, outcome; importance

compensation n. recompense, repayment; something done to make
up for (a loss, deficiency or fault)

apt-get

I can get all deb files from /var/cache/apt/archives, then copy them to my LAN pc by a usbdisk.

Advanced Linux Technology is changed my life.

Oh! Ubuntu!

New OS, Beauty OS, stable OS=Ubuntu

She is a beauty with bright eyes and familiar face, and is so easy to be operated.

I have installed skype for communication , StarDict for reading, XMMS for music etc.
She have so much virtue that I can not use other OS in the day.

Member of Chinese Academy of Engineering

This morning, I saw an old man who was talking with my colleague when I was back office after reading. He was searching some papers from our library's paper-databases. Those papers was so  professional that I and my colleague thought he was not a common old professor.

After a little google, I found his photo, Oh,  he was really the Member of Chinese Academy of Engineering!

I had seen him about 5 years ago, but today his face had changed so that I couldn't identify him.